Bloat is a Tricky Problem for Dogs
Printer-Friendly Version Pet Column for the week of October 23, 2000
Office of Public Engagement
2001 S. Lincoln Ave.
Urbana, Illinois 61802
Phone: 217/333-2907
By Carrie Gustavson
Information Specialist
University of Illinois
College of Veterinary Medicine
People can pig out on Halloween goodies, or anything else for that matter, without it coming
back to haunt them. But, for some dogs who overindulge, even on plain old food and
water, their stomach may inflate like a balloon and twist on itself -- a canine horror story.
Food is sometimes the cause of a dilated stomach, but often a dog's stomach will
mysteriously dilate, or bloat, for no known reason. Either way, bloat is a medical
emergency, and the puffed-up pooch will need veterinary help as soon as possible.
Bloating and twisting of a dog's stomach is a serious condition veterinarians call gastric
dilation volvulus, or GDV. Overeating, especially in predisposed breeds, may cause GDV,
but often there is no underlying cause, making this disease one that is baffling to
veterinarians and to owners alike. "A dog with GDV will have a distended abdomen and
may appear restless and depressed and have dry heaves," says Dr. Cathy Greenfield, small
animal surgeon at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Urbana. "A
common history is that he may have just eaten or drunk a large amount of food or water.
But most of the time there is no underlying cause for GDV."
While the exact cause of GDV is unknown, a dog's anatomy is thought to play a significant
role. Since the stomach of a dog is securely fixed only at one spot near the top, when the
stomach is full or dilated, it can easily rotate on that one fixed axis. If that happens, not only
is the stomach distension painful, but the blood vessels that feed the stomach are kinked
and stretched as the stomach twists. With reduced circulation to the stomach, the lining of
the stomach can die or be damaged enough to allow bacteria and toxins to enter the
bloodstream.
In addition, the distended stomach can put pressure on major veins, blocking blood flow
back to the heart. Without the normal blood flow to the heart, blood pressure will plunge
and a dog can easily go into shock.