All dogs have something they will run after. Also, dogs that have been fine when young on recall often stop returning as they get older unless you keep working with them -- also he is abpout at the rebellious age anyway and may well just ignore you to test you anyway.. Do you still reward him every few times when he returns on recall? If you don't, it is probably becoming something he places no real value on as a command if you are not reminding him and reinforcing that returning when called is an excellent thing to do and has benefits for him. I always takes some treats on walks in the park and will call and reward the dogs several times during the walk making it a happy game. Not just one time but numerous times.
Now as for this incident: why would you want to scold a dog who has returned to you? It isn;t his fault he found a cat interesting to chase -- it is quite common for dogs who have their own cats, so to speak, to be quite happy to chase everyone else's. But in returning to you, he did right, not wrong. Hence there is nothing to punish.
The fact that he would not come when called reflects instead, a failure to keep reinforcing the value of the recall command, and also perhaps reflects that (as happens with us all at some point!) you were too confident about his ability to return, this never having really been tested by a distraction or this particular distraction. Part of teaching recall is to place the dog in distracting situations and then practicing recall on a long lead -- so that other people, dogs, cats, squirrels, food are not more important a paying attention to you.
The other thing is -- obedience generally needs practive for a dog to stay sharp and fcused. You can't just teach a command and then presume the dog will always respond. A dog needs ideally, daily practice in a whole range of obedience commands -- sit, down, downstays, maybe some fun clicker practice, recall... says for 15 minutes in the garden or in the house.
The more you do by way of obedience or anything that requires you and your dog to work together -- agility, clicker, obedience classes at various levels -- the more reliable your dog becomes and the more responsive and respecting of you.
Jadan shouldn't be off lead if you are anywhere there is traffic, never, ever. Not even if he has what you think is perfect recall. Cavaliers ARE easily distracted and many -- as Jadan has proven -- have a strong prey instinct. This is risking a tragic ending unless you can find a safe place to take him off lead.
It is hard to believe there isn't anywhere near you where you could safely let him off lead. Most towns have football fields at schools etc that are well away from traffic. That would be a good place to take him on a long lead and start working on recall with him again. Then, when you are more confident in him again, let him have his run. But it is much better also to teach him to fetch and retrieve so that if you do have him off lead, he has something to actually DO that both wears him out and keeps him focused on returning to you and doesn;t require running hundreds of yards away where he might not even hear your call (remember many cavaliers have some hearing impediment too!). A 25 or 30 foot long lead will give him *plenty* of room to run and keep him safe, too; another option. Lily gets all the running she needs on an extensa lead. So there are numerous choices that won't risk Jadan's life.
The good thing is you have discovered this concern without anything tragic happening which lets you now focus on addressing it and finding safer ways of taking him out.